题目

Daddy told me I should study arm.
But I prefer to study my leg!

Download : http://pwnable.kr/bin/leg.c
Download : http://pwnable.kr/bin/leg.asm

ssh leg@pwnable.kr -p2222 (pw:guest)

leg.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int key1(){
asm("mov r3, pc\n");
}
int key2(){
asm(
"push {r6}\n"
"add r6, pc, $1\n"
"bx r6\n"
".code 16\n"
"mov r3, pc\n"
"add r3, $0x4\n"
"push {r3}\n"
"pop {pc}\n"
".code 32\n"
"pop {r6}\n"
);
}
int key3(){
asm("mov r3, lr\n");
}
int main(){
int key=0;
printf("Daddy has very strong arm! : ");
scanf("%d", &key);
if( (key1()+key2()+key3()) == key ){
printf("Congratz!\n");
int fd = open("flag", O_RDONLY);
char buf[100];
int r = read(fd, buf, 100);
write(0, buf, r);
}
else{
printf("I have strong leg :P\n");
}
return 0;
}

leg.asm

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
(gdb) disass main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
0x00008d3c <+0>: push {r4, r11, lr}
0x00008d40 <+4>: add r11, sp, #8
0x00008d44 <+8>: sub sp, sp, #12
0x00008d48 <+12>: mov r3, #0
0x00008d4c <+16>: str r3, [r11, #-16]
0x00008d50 <+20>: ldr r0, [pc, #104] ; 0x8dc0 <main+132>
0x00008d54 <+24>: bl 0xfb6c <printf>
0x00008d58 <+28>: sub r3, r11, #16
0x00008d5c <+32>: ldr r0, [pc, #96] ; 0x8dc4 <main+136>
0x00008d60 <+36>: mov r1, r3
0x00008d64 <+40>: bl 0xfbd8 <__isoc99_scanf>
0x00008d68 <+44>: bl 0x8cd4 <key1>
0x00008d6c <+48>: mov r4, r0
0x00008d70 <+52>: bl 0x8cf0 <key2>
0x00008d74 <+56>: mov r3, r0
0x00008d78 <+60>: add r4, r4, r3
0x00008d7c <+64>: bl 0x8d20 <key3>
0x00008d80 <+68>: mov r3, r0
0x00008d84 <+72>: add r2, r4, r3
0x00008d88 <+76>: ldr r3, [r11, #-16]
0x00008d8c <+80>: cmp r2, r3
0x00008d90 <+84>: bne 0x8da8 <main+108>
0x00008d94 <+88>: ldr r0, [pc, #44] ; 0x8dc8 <main+140>
0x00008d98 <+92>: bl 0x1050c <puts>
0x00008d9c <+96>: ldr r0, [pc, #40] ; 0x8dcc <main+144>
0x00008da0 <+100>: bl 0xf89c <system>
0x00008da4 <+104>: b 0x8db0 <main+116>
0x00008da8 <+108>: ldr r0, [pc, #32] ; 0x8dd0 <main+148>
0x00008dac <+112>: bl 0x1050c <puts>
0x00008db0 <+116>: mov r3, #0
0x00008db4 <+120>: mov r0, r3
0x00008db8 <+124>: sub sp, r11, #8
0x00008dbc <+128>: pop {r4, r11, pc}
0x00008dc0 <+132>: andeq r10, r6, r12, lsl #9
0x00008dc4 <+136>: andeq r10, r6, r12, lsr #9
0x00008dc8 <+140>: ; <UNDEFINED> instruction: 0x0006a4b0
0x00008dcc <+144>: ; <UNDEFINED> instruction: 0x0006a4bc
0x00008dd0 <+148>: andeq r10, r6, r4, asr #9
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) disass key1
Dump of assembler code for function key1:
0x00008cd4 <+0>: push {r11} ; (str r11, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cd8 <+4>: add r11, sp, #0
0x00008cdc <+8>: mov r3, pc
0x00008ce0 <+12>: mov r0, r3
0x00008ce4 <+16>: sub sp, r11, #0
0x00008ce8 <+20>: pop {r11} ; (ldr r11, [sp], #4)
0x00008cec <+24>: bx lr
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) disass key2
Dump of assembler code for function key2:
0x00008cf0 <+0>: push {r11} ; (str r11, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cf4 <+4>: add r11, sp, #0
0x00008cf8 <+8>: push {r6} ; (str r6, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cfc <+12>: add r6, pc, #1
0x00008d00 <+16>: bx r6
0x00008d04 <+20>: mov r3, pc
0x00008d06 <+22>: adds r3, #4
0x00008d08 <+24>: push {r3}
0x00008d0a <+26>: pop {pc}
0x00008d0c <+28>: pop {r6} ; (ldr r6, [sp], #4)
0x00008d10 <+32>: mov r0, r3
0x00008d14 <+36>: sub sp, r11, #0
0x00008d18 <+40>: pop {r11} ; (ldr r11, [sp], #4)
0x00008d1c <+44>: bx lr
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) disass key3
Dump of assembler code for function key3:
0x00008d20 <+0>: push {r11} ; (str r11, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008d24 <+4>: add r11, sp, #0
0x00008d28 <+8>: mov r3, lr
0x00008d2c <+12>: mov r0, r3
0x00008d30 <+16>: sub sp, r11, #0
0x00008d34 <+20>: pop {r11} ; (ldr r11, [sp], #4)
0x00008d38 <+24>: bx lr
End of assembler dump.
(gdb)

解题思路

解题方法也很简单,需要让该条件成立 key1()+key2()+key3() == key,也就是key1、key2、key3函数结果的总和等于key。

这三个函数都是用ARM汇编写的,需要了解ARM汇编的机制。

下面逐个分析。

key1()

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(gdb) disass key1
Dump of assembler code for function key1:
0x00008cd4 <+0>: push {r11} ; (str r11, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cd8 <+4>: add r11, sp, #0
0x00008cdc <+8>: mov r3, pc
0x00008ce0 <+12>: mov r0, r3
0x00008ce4 <+16>: sub sp, r11, #0
0x00008ce8 <+20>: pop {r11} ; (ldr r11, [sp], #4)
0x00008cec <+24>: bx lr
End of assembler dump.

只需要关心下面这两行:

1
2
0x00008cdc <+8>:	mov	r3, pc
0x00008ce0 <+12>: mov r0, r3

mov r3,pc 表示将pc的值给r3寄存器,在ARM中有两种模式,分别是ARM模式和Thumb。
ARM模式4字节对齐,PC总是指向当前地址+8的地方。
Thumb模式2字节对齐,PC总是指向当前地址+4的地方。

那么这条语句就相当于 r3 = 0x00008cdc+8 ,结果是0x00008ce4。

mov r0, r3 然后又把r3给了r0,r0相当于x86中的eax,所以key1的返回值就是0x00008ce4。

key2()

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
(gdb) disass key2
Dump of assembler code for function key2:
0x00008cf0 <+0>: push {r11} ; (str r11, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cf4 <+4>: add r11, sp, #0
0x00008cf8 <+8>: push {r6} ; (str r6, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cfc <+12>: add r6, pc, #1
0x00008d00 <+16>: bx r6
0x00008d04 <+20>: mov r3, pc
0x00008d06 <+22>: adds r3, #4
0x00008d08 <+24>: push {r3}
0x00008d0a <+26>: pop {pc}
0x00008d0c <+28>: pop {r6} ; (ldr r6, [sp], #4)
0x00008d10 <+32>: mov r0, r3
0x00008d14 <+36>: sub sp, r11, #0
0x00008d18 <+40>: pop {r11} ; (ldr r11, [sp], #4)
0x00008d1c <+44>: bx lr
End of assembler dump.

关键点在如下几行:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0x00008cf8 <+8>:	push	{r6}		; (str r6, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008cfc <+12>: add r6, pc, #1
0x00008d00 <+16>: bx r6
0x00008d04 <+20>: mov r3, pc
0x00008d06 <+22>: adds r3, #4
0x00008d08 <+24>: push {r3}
0x00008d0a <+26>: pop {pc}
0x00008d0c <+28>: pop {r6} ; (ldr r6, [sp], #4)
0x00008d10 <+32>: mov r0, r3

add r6, pc, #1 将pc的值+1,也就是将0x00008D04 + 1 = 0x00008D05

bx r6

  • bx是带状态切换指令,跳转到r6指向的地址,还会根据r6[0]的位置判段进入哪种状态,如果是1就跳转到Thumb模式,如果是0就跳转到ARM模式,因为上一条我们进行了+1,所以后面跳到Thumb模式。

mov r3, pc 此时pc的值不再是+8,而是+4,因为是Thumb模式。

adds r3, #4 此时又将r3 + 4,最后r3等于0x00008d04 + 0x4 + 0x4 = 0x00008D0C

mov r0, r3 最后key2的返回值就是0x00008D0C

key3()

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(gdb) disass key3
Dump of assembler code for function key3:
0x00008d20 <+0>: push {r11} ; (str r11, [sp, #-4]!)
0x00008d24 <+4>: add r11, sp, #0
0x00008d28 <+8>: mov r3, lr
0x00008d2c <+12>: mov r0, r3
0x00008d30 <+16>: sub sp, r11, #0
0x00008d34 <+20>: pop {r11} ; (ldr r11, [sp], #4)
0x00008d38 <+24>: bx lr
End of assembler dump.

这个非常直接:

1
2
0x00008d28 <+8>: mov r3, lr
0x00008d2c <+12>: mov r0, r3

直接将lr给了r3,又将r3给了r0。

相当于r0 = lr。

ARM中,lr寄存器保存的是当前子函数的返回地址,也就是key3的返回地址,从main中查看,key3的返回地址是0x00008d80,也就是最终r0的值。

1
2
0x00008d7c <+64>:	bl	0x8d20 <key3>
0x00008d80 <+68>: mov r3, r0

Flag

key1 = 0x00008ce4
key2 = 0x00008D0C
key3 = 0x00008d80

key1 + key2 + key3 = 0x1A770

0x1A770 转换成十进制 108400